If it's in a script then that might be difficult, but a racy approximation could be to loop e.g. listening socat with different ports for finding the free port. (Or maybe: parse output of ss.) But if the port use is separate from the port binding, then it might still be busy once the time to rebind it comes.

Same as anything else, an explicit flag to achieve the same "just give me a port" functionality as this "magic number" does without resulting in the documented unpredictable behavior around a technically legitimate port number.

As the article points out, most if not all of the services exposed on port 0 seem to be accidental and likely resulted from people assuming this magic behavior applies everywhere instead of just to one specific API.

    joker@joker:~$ ssh localhost -D 127.0.0.1:0
    Bad dynamic forwarding specification '127.0.0.1:0'
    joker@joker:~$ ssh localhost -D 127.0.0.1:9999
    ssh: connect to host localhost port 22: Connection refused
    joker@joker:~$ ssh localhost -L 127.0.0.1:0:localhost:8080
    Bad local forwarding specification '127.0.0.1:0:localhost:8080'
    joker@joker:~$ ssh localhost -L 127.0.0.1:9999:localhost:8080
    ssh: connect to host localhost port 22: Connection refused